Apparatus for transferring markings



y 1950 J. R; BOYLE 2,516,044

APPARATUS FOR TRANSFERRING MARKINGS Filed June 28, 1946 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 CHECKED BY Gd-W HTIW 83909 TEN 19AM 3J8N382A QI/HTAVIHEITJA 8310 HTUOB (ll/IA HTFIOM I N VEN TOR.

y 1950 J. R. BOYLE 2,516,044

I APPARATUS FOR TRANSFERRING MARKING-S Filed June 28, 1946 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 ASSEMBLE MAGNET CORE5 WITH NORTH AND SOUTH POLES ALTERNATING JOHN DOE MFG. co-

SCALE PI DATE RPRILLIEM DRAWN BY T5153.

CHECKED BY can.

lOl-P IN V EN TOR.

Jail/Z E B o yie, flllown gawun J. R. BOYLE 2,516,044 APPARATUS FOR TRANSFERRING MARKINGS July 18, 1950 Filed June 28, 1946 3 sheets -sheet 3 I N VEN TOR.

Patented July 1 8, 1950 2 OFFICE 2,516,044 I APPARATUS FORTRANFERRIfiG MARKINGS John R. Boyle, Chicago, Ill. Application June 28, 1946, Serial-No. 680,029

'4 Claims.

The present invention relates to an improved method of and apparatus-for transferring mark-' ings to tracings and the like.

One of the aims of the invention is to'avoid the arduous time consuming job .o'fhand' letter ing all legends, bills-of materialand descriptive data on mechanical drawings'ltracings and the like.

Another. aim lof the invention is to avoid the laborious, monotonous work of putting in by hand all cross-sectioningwr surfacamarkings on a drawing" or tracing-.- v

In practically -every= situation inrwhich blueprints; photostats or like reproductions are employedjit isusually: desirable 'that these blueprints or other reproductions shall have legends or other descriptive lettering thereon containing instructions about machining; drilling and finishing the parts,-or containing instructions about. 1

heat treatment of the parts oncdntaining instructions about the manner of assembling the parts, or countless otherl'egendstco numerous to=-- it mention. In most instances the drawing or trac ing is'too large to get into atypewriten or it is too inconvenient to dose, and hence the general practice has been to place all of these legends on the original drawingso'r on the tracing byl-hand ing, painstaking operation. Thes is aggravated" when the cross-sectioning must symbolizecon-j crete, wood, rubber or some material requiringwa' distinctive sectioning. The same is also trueof "surface; markings where an elevational view ofa particularmaterial should be shownwith dis-" tinctive surface markings to denote'that mate=" rial.

It is afurther object of the invention to pro--* vide an improved method and apparatus which will enable cross-sectioning or surface markings to be made from master marking "tools upontransfer sheets and then transferred to the trac ing. This use of a master marking tool or tools insures thatthdcross-sectioning or surfacing*-" marking will have machine-like uniformity and neatness.

Another object 'ofthe invention is to provide an improved pressure tool for making a pressure transfer of markings from a pli'abletransfer sheet l to a surface intended-to receive such-markings This tool comprises a multiplicity of spaced points 7 of pressure contact of small surface area-which have a rolling motion over the surface of the lettering operations. --This is-"oneo'f the most arduous, time consuming j'obs in the ordinary.

drafting ofiice; and adds greatly toxthe expense of a the tracing. Because of th' time' and expensexinvolved in these hand lettering operationsgl-itrfre-J quentlyhaDPBIi-S. that insufficient descriptive data is applied to-thetracing orrthat necessarydescripe tive data. is totally-omittedfrom the tracing;

hand. lettering; Alsogato minimize hand; lettering, lengthy descriptionswbillsiof-material, etc i rather than go to the trouble of putting it'gin byare frequentlytypewrittenon separate sheetswhich'are intendedto be attached :to the blue-1. prints, but these: often become detached and lost. Furthermore it is not-feasible to paste typewritten sheets to a tracing becauserof wrinkling, different degrees of light .transmissiom-etc.

The principal obj ect of the present invention-is to provide an improved method and apparatus. r

which will enable all of these legendsand other written data to be-typewritten in a typewriter, and this :typewrittensubject matter thentransferred and impressed upon the desired locationson the.

tracing.

With reference? to the matter .of transferring LI cross-sectioning or surface markings to'a tracing it is also well known that .to do a .reasonably'accurate and artisticf job of cross-sectioning a arg area or merousysmau a'reas'is "a timeice sum acters on the backside of the transfer sheet.

transfer sheet.

within a retainer ring and driven at a relatively high speed of rotation byan electric motor con- .stituting part of the tool. pressuretool is used :to transfer typewritten sub' ject matter, cross-sectioning, surface markings and any other desired markings to the tracing or the like.

Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detail description of certain preferred embodiments it of the invention. In the accompanying drawings illustrating such embodiments:

Figure 1 is a fragmentary front view of a typical tracing before certain desired legendsor type-,- written subject matter has been transferred thereto;

Figure 2 diagrammatically illustrates the first step of .typewriting the desired legends orwritten subject matter upon a transfer sheet in a typewriter so as to form raised'carbon-coated char- Figure 3 is an elevational view of the back side of this transfer sheet after its removal from the Y typewriter, showing the raised carbon-coated characters projecting from this back side; 7

Figures diagrammatically illustrates the next This motor driven step of transferring this typewritten subject matter from the transfer sheet to the face of the tracing;

Figure is a view similar to Figure 1 but showing the same tracing after the typewritten subject matter has been transferred thereto;

Figure 6 is an end view of the motor driven transfer head; i

Figure '7 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the mounting of the resilient coupling, ressure head and ball race on the end of the motor shaft;

Figure 8 diagrammatically illustrates the step of preparing a transfer sheet for transferring cross-sectioning;

Figure 9 diagrammatically illustrates the next step of transferring this cross-sectioning from the transfer sheet to a tracing; and,

Figure 10 is a fragmentary elevational view of a modified form of roller for making cross section marks.

In Figure 1 I have shown a portion of a conventional shop tracing, designated ID in its entirety, which may be composed of either tracing paper or tracing cloth. This tracing contains any desired illustration designated II in its entirety, the illustration shown depicting a group of magnetic core structures which are to be assembled in a certain relationship of north and south poles. It will be understood that such illustration II has been chosen merely for the purpose of illustrating one general type of technical illustration to which any invention has particular application. The block impression l2 in the corner of the tracing is conventional for identifying the manufacturer, the scale of the ,parts, the date of the drawing, the initials of the draftsman, etc. We shall assume that it is desired to provide an instruction legend or statement associated with this illustration H (such legend being indicated at [3 in Figure 5) for the purpose of showing that in the assembly of the illustrated construction all magnet cores are to be assembled with the north and south poles alternating. In the general practice heretofore followed, this legend or data was put in by hand lettering or writing directly on the tracing.

Referring now to Figure 2 illustrating the first step of my improved method, I take a sheet of any suitable paper it, such as typewriter paper, and a sheet of carbon paper 15, and place them in a typewriter It with the carbon sheet I5 in its usual place in back of the typewriter sheet l4, but with the carbon side l5 of this carbon sheet facing forwardly instead of rearwardly, whereby carbon impressions are made directly on the back of the front sheet [4. The platen roller of the typewriter is diagrammatically indicated at H, and one of the ty-pebars is diagrammatically indicated at l8. A heavy impression is desired in order to give the maximum height of raised characters projecting from the back of the front sheet I4, and, accordingly, it is the preferred practice to remove the conventional typewriter ribbon extending across the front side of the front sheet. However, this is not essential, and the ribbon may be left in place if it is desired to see the typewritten subject matter on the front side of the sheet [4. becomes the transfer sheet or stencil sheet in the next step of the process, may be composed of any suitable grade of paper which will absorb or retain on its back side an adequate or maximum amount of carbon-coating on each of the raised This front sheet [4, which type impressions made by the typewriter keys. The paper may also have a slight transparency or translucency with advantage, particularly for the purpose of being able to see the illustration II on the tracing through this transfer sheet [4 whereby to facilitate bringing the typewritten subject matter l3 into theproper position with respect to the illustration HQ; The. carbon paper l5 may be any good standard grade of carbon paper, or it may be a special grade treated for extra sensitivity. It is usually advantageous to use all capital letters on the typewriter for greater legibility of the transferred typewritten subject matter. If desired, special typewriters may be employed having auditing type or other large type more comparable to draftsmans lettering, or Vari-Typer composing machines or the like may be used. Furthermore, electric typewriters may be employed for obtaining a heavier touch or deeper type impression.

Figure 3 illustrates the reverse side of the transfer sheet I4 after the completion of the typing of the complete legend, indicated in itsentirety at l3. This typical legend chosen for illustration reads as follows:

ASSEMBLE MAGNET CORES WITH NORTH AND SOUTH POLES ALTERNATING.

The reverse impressions of these type characters appear on the reverse side ofthe trans-fer sheet 14, as shown in Figure 3. The blow of each type character against the front side of the paper slightly embosses the paper on the reverse side thereof so that each of these reverse type characters is raised from thesurface of the sheet. Under average operating conditions, with a moderately heavy touch on a conventional typewriter, these type characters will project approximately .0002" from the surface of the sheet. When using an electric typewriter, set for heavy touch, this height of each raised character can be considerably increased. It will be understood that each of these raised characters receives a coating of carbon directly from'the carbon surface l5' of the carbon sheet l5. Thus, the entire legend or descriptive statement I3 projects rearwardly from the transfer sheet. M in the form of raised carbon-coated type characters, as clearly shown in Figure 3.

The next step of the operation is illustrated in Figure 4. In this step, the tracing l0 is preferably attached to a drafting board or other hard surface, and the transfer sheet 14 is then placed directly on top of the tracing, with the raised carbon-coated type characters in direct contact with the surface of the tracing. The transfer sheet I4 is maneuvered until the legend I3 is in appropriate registration with its intended position alongside of illustration H. The transfer sheet l4 may then be fastened in this position by thumb tacks or adhesive tape, or it may merely be held pressed against the tracing by the hand. Thereupon, the transferring operation is performed, preferably by the motor driven pressure unit indicated at 22. This motor driven unit comprises a small portable electric motor 23 which is adapted to be operated in a vertical position, as shown, with one end of the motor shaft 24 extending downwardly therefrom. Secured to this shaft is a resilient coupling 25, preferably composed of a cylindrical block of rubber, although this rotating coupling may also consist of a ball and socket joint, or a coil spring. Secured to the lower end of this rotating resilient coupling Lisa pressure-head.26:having a group of:

the thrust races of such a thrust bearing, and the, I

balls 21 being retained within a ball cage or retainer ring 28E This retainer. ring is capable of rotation relatively tothe rotating pressure head 26, being heldtothe pressure head inany suitable mannensuch as-bya central shank 29 extending down from .thepressure head 26 andreceiving a screw 30. and washer 3| (Figures i i-and 7) or by a riveted connection, whereby the retainer ring 28 can freelyrevolve relatively to the pressure head 26. In consequence of this relative freedom of rotation, .the ball retainer ring 28 and balls 21 will be carried around as a unit. at a speed of approximately one-half that of motor speed. Of course, the balls themselves will have rotative speeds withintheir respective pockets in the retainer'. ring 28 muchhigher than motor. speed. The result of this construction is that the balls will normally have a high speed rolling contact with the surface of the'paper, with very little sliding-contact. This isadvantageous because it avoidsany tendency of the paper to wrinkle or bunch upaheadof the point of pressure contact and also avoids tearingof the paper. The relativelysmall or theoretical point'contact of each" ball with the surface of the paper enables highly concentrated" pressures to be transmitted througheaclr ball to the paper, but because this small area of pressure contact'is inherently a rolling rather "than" a sliding contact these highly concentrated pressures do not tear the paper.- The lateral flexibility of the resilient coupling 25 also insuresthat the pressure head 26 will rema'in ciarallelwith the paper,- so that all of the balls 21 will exertsubstantially equal downward pressure 011 the paper, even though the motor unit": be tipped slightly'in maneuvering the unit.

Withithe transfer: sheet [4" held in its proper relation overthe tracing: [0, this motor driven transferqunitzx 23i is held int the hand andthen' movedmverathe top side i Of the transferfisheet with aiback and forth,'icircular or"'otherlsuitable motion for causingrtherotating balls 21 to exert pressurezcontact' at' substantially every point ofthe areazuto be'transferred Thisban be performed".ratheriquicklyp even*on' large areas, because of the highspeed of rolling motion of the balls aover the paper. The' rotating I speed is sufficiently high to insure that when the motor alternatingcurrent .or on direct current, or it may be a universalrmotorcfor use on both. Higher speed motors running up to 5000 or 6000 R. P. M. may also :be employed; particularly.- if a smaller motorizis "desired. :The 'motor may be provided with a istop and start controlfswitch adapted, to 75.

' engraving, milling, casting or in any other suit-2:5,-

The roller element 36 and ribs 3?: I are preferably composed of steel orother hard I material, although this is not essentleli -ln magnum be actuated bya plungeributton u projecting from the motor housing, which plunger/button can be readily actuated by. the flngerwhile'holdi ing the motor in the hand linwthe operatiomof maneuvering the transfer unit'over the surface of the paper. The weight of the electric motor'23- exerts asubstantial amount of concentrated a pressure on the ball points 21, and this can be augmented to any desired degree by pressing. If a greater COIlCEntration of pressure is desired, adifferent-size ball retainer 28 having a smallernumberof balls l downwardly on the motor.

21 may be substituted for the retainer shown. l

The result of the foregoing transfercoperation is shown in Figure 5. All of the carbon-'coatedM- raised type characters projecting fromthe under side of the transfer sheet l4 havebeen-subjected to the relatively concentrated-pressuresof the high-speed rotating balls 21, with the result that 1 the carbon-coating of these typecharacters has W been transferred to the front face of the tracing Ill. The permanency of the transfer is adequate for all practical purposes because the carbon coating will remain on the surface of the tracing. practically as long as the carbon coating remainsv on the carbon copyof aletter typed in 'a type-j It will be understood that the transfer operation may be performed upon tracing paper, I tracing cloth or'any other medium'intended to" i receive the transferred subject matter The" I tracing'is now ready for use in the making of writer.

blueprints or any other suitable reproductions.

Where several legends, shop instructions or bills t of material are to be placed at different points" over the surface ofa tracing, a plurality of these legends, bills of material, or the like can be typed upon different areas of one transfer sheet, and this transfer sheet then shifted to bringthe" different typed subject matter into proper juxta position to the different figures or other areas "on the tracing intended to receive-that particular- Blueprints made from tracings having these carbon-coated characters impressed thereon by the above method and apparatus are subject matter.

entirely satisfactory from the standpoint" of written subject matter.

to read than hand lettering.

My invention can also be used to transfer other markings than typewritten characters; For ex-' ample, it can be usedto transfer cross-sectioning to cross==secti0nal views on a tracing, or it can be used to transfer surface markings or surface grainings to elevational viewsona tracing. This is frequently advantageous where a relatively-M large area or numerous small areas rmust be cross-sectioned, or where a relatively large sur-' face area must be given surface markings tov denote the nature of the material, its grain or othercharacteristics.

In Figure 8 I have shown one preferred form l of marking device which I prefer to use for mak- .clarity and sharpness of definition of'the type- In fact, the uniformity of the typewriter characters makes them-easier ing cross-Section markings on a transfer: sheet.

the cylindrical surface of this roller elementis; 1

a series of uniformly spaced diagonal ribs 31 which have a width and spacing-corresponding to a desired type of cross-sectioning. These ribs may be formed in the surface of the roll 36 by able manner.

ing a transfersheet l l with such a roller tool, a sheet-f carbon'pa'p'er I is first placed on a hard flat surface with'the carbon side [5 of this sheet facin upwardly. Thereupon a sheet of transfer paper, preferably corresponding to the previously described transfer sheet M, is placed over the sheet of carbon paper. The hand roller 35 is then rolled firmly overthe top of the transfer sheet with a relatively "heavy-pressure so as to produce the carbon-coated markings on the back side of the transfer sheet l4 corresponding to the uniformly spaced-diagonal ribs 31 on the roller. This transfer sheet If is then placed upon the tracing" I0, with the cross-sectional markings. superposed over the area/of the figure adapted to receive the cros's' section markings. The width of the strip of cross-sectional markings on the transfer sheet is preferably made sufficiently wide to exceed'the'width of the part to be cross-sectioned on'the tracing. Hence, the transfer of the carbon-coated markings from the transfer sheet to the tracing is confined to the desired width of thestructural part appearing on the tracing" by'the use of masking strips 39 which are preferably placed between the bottom side of the transfer sheet and the top side of the tracing, but which may be placed upon the top side of the transfer sheet so as to confine or indicate the area to be'covered by the motor driven transfer unit ESQ These masking strips 3Q preferably consist of thin strips of paper which merely serve to prevent any of thecarbon markings on the back side of the transfer sheet being transferred to areas of the tracing beyond the desired areas. For example, inFigure 9 the space 40 between the two lines ll drawn on the tracing i0 is intended to receive the cross-sectioning marks 42 (shown at the right of the figure). Accordingly, the masking. strips 39 are brought up to register substantially with the lines 4!, and are held there by thumb tacks or adhesive tape. Then, the transfer sheet M is placed over the masking strips 39 and space 48, with the carbon coated cross-sectional markings disposed over the space 40 at the desired or proper angle thereto.

Thereupon, the motor driven transfer tool 22 is moved .back and forth .over the back side of the transfer sheet M to cause. the rollingpoints of pressure contact 21 to transfer the carbon coated cross-sectional markings to the tracing between the masking strips, as indicated at 42 in Figure 9. A varied assortment of roller tools 35 may be provided, one for indicating the conventional crosssectioning of rubber, another for the conventional cross-sectioning of concrete, another for the cross-sectioning of wood, etc., and other tools may be provided for indicating a conventional surface graining of wood, or the surface markings of concrete, fabric, or any other desired markings. In all of these roller tools, the roller is preferably constructed with hard sharp surface markings, and the tool is used with considerable pressure so as to cause the markings to be projected appreciably from the under side of the transfer sheet, whereby to form raised, carbon-coated markings.

In Figure 10 I have illustrated a modified form of roller tool 35 for indicating cross-sectioning. In this construction, the roller 36 has a convex periphery, so that it is barrel-shaped, and the spacing-between the ribs 3! on-this roller is relatively wide at the center of the roller and oilminishes in width towards each end. This enables theroller-toibe used for. making cross-seca tioning marks of practically any desired width of spacing between sectioning-lines. The roller is held'at the proper angle to present to the back side of the transfer sheet that part of its axial length that has the desired width of spacing between sectioning lines.

the markings is relatively narrow, but that is true of most areas to be cross-sectioned on a tracing, i. e. they are relatively narrow in transverse dimension. Also, it is often the practice to place cross-sectioning in relatively narrow" bands around the inside of a figure rather than have the cross-sectioning g0 entirely across the figure.

I have put the invention to extensive experimental test and commercial use with complete success. I have found that a considerable part of this success is attributable to the principle of the transferring operation inherent in the motor j Accordingly, I regard driven transfer tool 22. the use of this tool, or its equivalent, as being the preferred method of practicing the invention. However, I do not regard the invention as entirely limited to the use of this tool, because some bene fits of the invention can be obtained, orcertain features of the invention can be practiced with reasonable satisfaction, when employing a con ventional hand roller, instead of the motor driven transfer tool 22, for transferring markings from a transfer sheet to a tracing or to some other surface adapted to receive markings.

While I have illustrated and described what I regard to be the preferred embodiments of my invention, and the preferred manner of carrying the same into effect, nevertheless it will be understood that such are merely exemplary, and

that numerous modifications, rearrangements,

and new adaptations can be made without departing from the essence of the invention.

I claim:

1. In a transfer tool for transferring markings from a transfer sheet to a receiving surface, thecombination of a retainer cage, a plurality of balls I having independent rolling motions in said retainer cage and adapted to have their bottom surfaces bear against said transfer sheet, and a pressure head rotatable relatively to said retainercage and adapted to exert downward pressure against the top surfaces of said balls,qsaid retainer cage maintaining said balls at a substantially constant spacing out of contact with each 1 cluding a rotary shaft for transmittingv rotary motion to said pressure head, and a flexible coupling connecting said rotary shaft with said pressure head, said flexible coupling resiliently transmitting torque to said pressure head and permitting lateral movement between saidpressure head and said shaft. 3. In a motor driven transfer tool for performing the herein described method. of transferring markings from a transfer sheet to areceiving This means that only a limited portion of the length of the roller-is effective in any single rolling stroke to make" markings, and hence the path or bandwidth of surface, the combination of a portable electric motor, a resilient coupling .connected to the motor shaft, a rotating pressure head driven by said resilient coupling, a ball cage rotatably connected with said pressure head so as to be capable of rotation independently thereof, and balls in said ball cage having their top surfaces engaged by said pressure head, the bottom surfaces of said balls adapted to be pressed downwardly against the back of the transfer sheet and to be a driven with a relatively high speed over the transfer sheet by said electric motor, said resilient coupling serving to transmit torque resiliently to said pressure head.

4. In a transfer tool for transferring markings from a transfer sheet to a receiving surface, the combination of an electric motor adapted to be moved over said transfer sheet with the motor shaft disposed substantially vertically, a resilient coupling secured in torque transmitting relation to the lower end of said motor shaft, a rotating pressure head secured to the lower end of said resilient coupling, and a plurality of balls carried by said rotating head adapted to be pressed downwardly in rolling contact against said trans- JOHN R. BOYLE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 52,418 Jaine Feb. 6, 1866 845,730 Marshall Feb. 26, 1907 1,551,260 Michaels Aug. 25, 1925 1,795,378 Ritzerfeld Mar. 10, 1961 1,829,562 Kohlwey Oct. 27, 1931 1,903,152 Watson et a1 Mar. 28, 1933 2,188,590 Bjorksten et a1 Jan. 30, 1940 2,216,594 Marchev Oct. 1, 1940 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 312,004 Great Britain May 23, 1929 

